Wednesday, 1 May 2013

Help Me Read

Help Me Read



Best Strategy to Teach Children to Learn to Read



What's the best approach to teach kids to read?
 
National Reading Panel is of the view that teaching kids to manipulate phonemes in words was highly effective under a variety of teaching conditions with a variety of learners across a range of grade and age levels and that teaching phonemic awareness to kids significantly improves their reading more than instruction that lacks any attention to Phonemic Awareness." [National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2000). Report of the National Reading Panel. Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction (NIH Publication No. 00-4769). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.] This is a position made by the National Reading Panel (NRP) in their report titled "TEACHING CHILDREN TO READ: An Evidence-Based Assessment of the Scientific Research Literature on Reading and Its Implications for Reading Instruction."

Scientific evidence has strongly supported that phonemic awareness instructions are an important part in helping kids develop reading skills. Phonemic Awareness instruction was specifically chosen for review by the NRP in their report because studies have identified phonemic awareness and letter knowledge as two of the best predictors of how well children will learn to read in their first two years of entering school.

Phonemic Awareness

One report discussed the presence of phonemic awareness in Austrian children aged 6 to 7 that were unable to read when first entering school. This study found that many children had not one correct response in their test of a simple vowel substitution task. However, a few children who exhibited high phonemic awareness scored close to perfect on this same task. The study further asserted that "there was a specific predictive relationship between initial phonemic awareness differences and success in learning to read and to spell." Even more importantly, the study indicated that it was phonemic awareness abilities, and not IQ, that predicted the accuracy of reading and spelling at the end of grade one. Children with high phonemic awareness at the beginning of grade one had high reading and spelling achievements at the end of grade one, compared to some children with low phonemic awareness who had difficulties learning to read and spell. [Cognition. 1991 Sep;40(3):219-49. The relationship of phonemic awareness to reading acquisition: more consequence than precondition but still important. Wimmer H, Landerl K, Linortner R, Hummer P.University of Salzburg, Austria.]

Beneficial Effects of Phonemic Awareness

It was also highlighted in the National Reading Panel report that the beneficial effects of phonemic awareness on reading lasts well beyond the period of training. While phonemic awareness
instructions are proven to significantly help children learn reading, it is not a whole reading program. It only provides children with a foundational knowledge base of the alphabet language. The NRP analysis also showed that phonics instructions produces significant benefits for students from kindergarten through grade six, and is also beneficial to children with learning to read difficulties.
Having been taught phonics and phonemic awareness instructions, children should be able to consistently to decode, read, and spell, and even demonstrated significant improvement in their ability to understand text. Even older children who receive these similar teachings improved their ability to decode and spell. The NRP made a key position highlighting that "conventional wisdom has suggested that kindergarten students might not be ready for phonics instruction, this assumption was not proven  by the data. The impact of systematic early phonics instruction were significant and substantial in kindergarten and the 1st grade, indicating that systematic phonics programs should be in place at those age and grade levels."

Minimum Age for Phonemic Awareness

Last but not least, I would like to further expand on that by saying that kids as young as two years old can learn to read through phonics and phonemic awareness instructions. Should a young child can speak, then they should be able to learn to read, even if they are as young as two years old. In fact, I have witnessed this with my own kids. We began coaching our son at two years and eight months, and she was very capable at reading by the time he was just two years and 11 months old.



Tuesday, 30 April 2013

Help Me Read

Help Me Read




Three Pointers to Teach Your Child How to Read



Dear parents,  teaching your kid how to read at a young age is important for the development of the child. It not only helps them develop a better understand of their surroundings, but also allows them to gather information from printed materials, and provides them with a wonderful source of entertainment when they read stories and rhymes. It should be noted that children develop at different rates, and some children will develop reading skills quicker than other children; however, what's important is that as the parent, you are keenly aware of your child's maturity and reading level to provide them with appropriate support such as books and activities to help them improve.


As parents, you are by default  the most important teacher for your children. You will need to introduce your child to books and reading. Here are some tips to help you teach your child to read.

Tip #1 - Teach your child alphabet letters and sounds concurrently

Research has shown that children learn best when they are taught the letter names and letter sounds simultaneously. In one study, 58 preschool children were randomly assigned to receive instructions in letter names and sounds, letter sound only, or numbers (control group). The results of this study are consistent with past research results in that it found children receiving letter name and sound instruction were most likely to learn the sounds of letters whose names included cues to their sounds. When teaching your child the letter sounds, have them slowly trace the letter, while saying the sound of the letter at the same time. For example, if you were teaching your child the letter "A", you would say:
"The letter A makes the /A/ (ah) sound."
Then have your child say the /A/ sound while tracing the letter with his or her index finger.

Tip #2 - Always emphasize that the proper reading order should be from left to right, and top to bottom

To adults, this may seem so basic that anyone should know it. However, our children are not born with the knowledge that printed text should be read from left to right and top to bottom, and this is why you'll sometimes see children reading from right to left instead - because they were never explicitly taught to read from left to right. When teaching your child how to read, always emphasize this point with them.

Tip #3 - Teach final consonant blends first. 

Teaching words such "at" and "and" can lead your child directly to learning words that rhyme with these. For example, for "at", you can have:
Cat
Lat
Fat
Pat
Mat
Chat
Sat
Bat
Spat

For "and", you can have these rhyming words:

Band
Land
Hand
Stand
Sand
Bland
Band
Brand
Grand
and so on...

As soon as your child has learned the sounds of some consonants and short vowel sounds, you can start teaching blends. It is not necessary to wait until your child has mastered the sounds of all the letters before teaching blends. 

Unfortunately, learning to read is a very long process, but thank god, it doesn't have to be a difficult process. Broken down into intuitive and logical steps, a child as young as two years old can learn to read, and older children can accomplish even more.